{"id":563,"date":"2018-09-17T14:38:13","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T14:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/governancesolutions.wordpress.com\/?p=563"},"modified":"2022-04-05T16:38:42","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T16:38:42","slug":"references-to-the-divine-and-god-in-national-constitutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunesishq.com\/notes\/references-to-the-divine-and-god-in-national-constitutions\/","title":{"rendered":"References to the Divine or God in national Constitutions"},"content":{"rendered":"

The following was taken from Wikipedia article, \u2018Constitutional references to God\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Country <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Enactment date<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Type of reference<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

English text or translation<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Original text (if not in English)<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

\n

Algeria<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1976 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the Name of God the Merciful and the Compassionate”[21]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Antigua and Barbuda<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1981 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“WHEREAS the People of Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 1. proclaim that they are a sovereign nation founded upon principles that acknowledge the supremacy of God, the dignity and worth of the human person, the entitlement of all persons to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, the position of the family in a society of free men and women and free institutions; (…) NOW, THEREFORE, the following provisions shall have effect as the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda:”[22]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Albania<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1998 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We, the people of Albania, proud and aware of our history, with responsibility for the future, and with faith in God and\/or other universal values, … We establish this Constitution:”[23]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Australia<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1900 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Whereas the people of New South Wales<\/span><\/a>, Victoria<\/span><\/a>, South Australia<\/span><\/a>, Queensland<\/span><\/a>, and Tasmania<\/span><\/a>, humbly relying on the blessing of Almighty God, have agreed to unite in one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth under the Crown<\/span><\/a> … Be it therefore enacted … as follows:”[24]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Argentina<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1853 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We, the representatives of the people of the Argentine Nation, … invoking the protection of God, source of all reason and justice: do ordain, decree, and establish this Constitution for the Argentine Nation.”[25]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Spanish) “Nos los representantes del pueblo de la Naci\u00f3n Argentina, reunidos en Congreso General Constituyente por voluntad y elecci\u00f3n de las provincias que la componen, en cumplimiento de pactos preexistentes, con el objeto de constituir la uni\u00f3n nacional, afianzar la justicia, consolidar la paz interior, proveer la defensa com\u00fan, promover el bienestar general, y asegurar los beneficios de la libertad, para nosotros, para nuestra posteridad, y para todos los hombres del mundo que quieran habitar en el suelo argentino: invocando la protecci\u00f3n de Dios, fuente de toda raz\u00f3n y justicia: ordenamos, decretamos y establecemos esta Constituci\u00f3n, para la Naci\u00f3n Argentina.”[26]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Bahamas<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1973 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Whereas Four hundred and eighty-one years ago the rediscovery of this Family of Islands, Rocks and Cays heralded the rebirth of the New World; And Whereas the People of this Family of Islands recognizing that the preservation of their Freedom will be guaranteed by a national commitment to Self-discipline, Industry, Loyalty, Unity and an abiding respect for Christian values and the Rule of Law; Now Know Ye Therefore: We the Inheritors of and Successors to this Family of Islands, recognizing the Supremacy of God and believing in the Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Individual, Do Hereby Proclaim in Solemn Praise the Establishment of a Free and Democratic Sovereign Nation founded on Spiritual Values and in which no Man, Woman or Child shall ever be Slave or Bondsman to anyone or their Labour exploited or their Lives frustrated by deprivation, and do Hereby Provide by these Articles for the indivisible Unity and Creation under God of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.”[27]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Bahrain<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the name of God on high, and with His blessing, and with His help, we Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa<\/span><\/a>, Sovereign of the Kingdom of Bahrain, in line with our determination, certainty, faith, and awareness of our national, pan-Arab and international responsibilities; and in acknowledgment of our obligations to God, our obligations to the homeland and the citizens, and our commitment to fundamental principles and our responsibility to Mankind, … we have amended the existing Constitution”[28]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Brazil<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1988 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We, the representatives of the Brazilian People, … promulgate, under the protection of God, this CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL.”[29]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Portuguese) “N\u00f3s, representantes do povo brasileiro, … promulgamos, sob a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Deus, a seguinte CONSTITUI\u00c7\u00c3O DA REP\u00daBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL.”[30]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Canada<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1982 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law”[31]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Cook Islands<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1965\/1997[32]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“IN THE HOLY NAME OF GOD, THE ALMIGHTY, THE EVERLOVING AND THE EVERLASTING We, the people of the Cook Islands, recognising the heritage of Christian principles, Cook Islands custom, and the rule of law, remember to keep holy the Sabbath Day, being that day of the week which, according to a person’s belief and conscience, is the Sabbath of the Lord.”[33]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Fiji<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1988 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“WE, THE PEOPLE OF THE FIJI ISLANDS, SEEKING the blessing of God who has always watched over these islands: RECALLING the events in our history that have made us what we are, especially the settlement of these islands by the ancestors of the indigenous Fijian and Rotuman people; the arrival of forebears of subsequent settlers, including Pacific Islanders, Europeans, Indians and Chinese; the conversion of the indigenous inhabitants of these islands from heathenism to Christianity through the power of the name of Jesus Christ; the enduring influence of Christianity in these islands and its contribution, along with that of other faiths, to the spiritual life of Fiji: … WITH GOD AS OUR WITNESS, GIVE OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION”[34]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Germany<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1949 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Conscious of their responsibility before God and man, (…) the German people, in the exercise of their constituent power, have adopted this Basic Law.”[35]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in German) “Im Bewu\u00dftsein seiner Verantwortung vor Gott und den Menschen (…) hat sich das Deutsche Volk kraft seiner verfassungsgebenden Gewalt dieses Grundgesetz gegeben.”[36]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Greece<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1975 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the name of the Holy and Consubstantial<\/span><\/a> and Indivisible Trinity<\/span><\/a>.”[37]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Greek) “\u0395\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2.”[37]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Indonesia<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1945 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“… By the grace of God Almighty and urged by the lofty aspiration to exist as a free nation, Now therefore, the people of Indonesia declare herewith their independence, …” <\/span><\/p>\n

“… which is to be established as the State of the Republic of Indonesia with sovereignty of the people and based on the belief in the One and Only God, …”[38]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“… Atas berkat rahmat Allah Yang Maha Kuasa, dan dengan didorongkan oleh keinginan luhur supaya berkehidupan kebangsaan yang bebas, maka rakyat Indonesia menyatakan dengan ini kemerdekaannya, …” <\/span><\/p>\n

“… yang terbentuk dalam suatu susunan Negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat dengan berdasarkan kepada, Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa,…” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Iran<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1979 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of Iranian society based on Islamic<\/span><\/a> principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the Islamic Ummah<\/span><\/a>.”[39]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Ireland<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1937 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the Name of the Most Holy Trinity, from Whom is all authority and to Whom, as our final end, all actions both of men and States must be referred, We, the people of \u00c9ire, humbly acknowledging all our obligations to our Divine Lord, Jesus Christ<\/span><\/a>, who sustained our fathers through centuries of trial, (…) do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution.”[40]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Irish)”In Ainm na Tr\u00edon\u00f3ide R\u00f3-Naofa is tobar don uile \u00fadar\u00e1s agus gur chuici, \u00f3s \u00ed is cr\u00edoch dheireanach d\u00fainn, is d\u00edrithe n\u00ed amh\u00e1in gn\u00edomhartha daoine ach gn\u00edomhartha St\u00e1t, Ar mbeith d\u00fainne, muintir na h\u00c9ireann, ag admh\u00e1il go huir\u00edseal a mh\u00e9id at\u00e1imid faoi chomaoin ag \u00cdosa Cr\u00edost, \u00e1r dTiarna Dia, a thug comhfhurtacht d\u00e1r sinsir i ngach cruatan ina rabhadar ar feadh na gc\u00e9adta bliain, (…) At\u00e1imid leis seo ag gabh\u00e1il an Bhunreachta seo chugainn, agus \u00e1 acht\u00fa agus \u00e1 th\u00edolacadh d\u00fainn f\u00e9in.”[41]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kuwait<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1962 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful, We, Abdullah al-Salim al-Sabah<\/span><\/a>, … do hereby approve this Constitution and promulgate it.”[42]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Liberia<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1986 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We the People of the Republic of Liberia: Acknowledging our devout gratitude to God for our existence as a Free, Sovereign and Independent State, and relying on His Divine Guidance for our survival as a Nation; … Do hereby solemnly make, establish, proclaim, and publish this Constitution for the governance of the Republic of Liberia.”[43]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Madagascar<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1992 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The sovereign Malagasy people, profoundly attached to their cultural and spiritual values, especially to the basis of national unity; affirming their belief in God the Creator; … declares: …”[44]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Mauritania<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1991 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Trusting in the omnipotence of Allah, the Mauritanian people proclaims …”[45]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Norway<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1814 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

“Our values remain from our Christian and humanist heritage…” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“Verdigrunnlaget forblir v\u00e5r kristne og humanistiske arv.” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pakistan<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1973 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

“Whereas sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Papua New Guinea<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1975 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Preamble <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

WE, THE PEOPLE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA \u2014 <\/span><\/p>\n

united in one nation, pay homage to the memory of our ancestors \u2014 the source of our strength and origin of our combined heritage – acknowledge the worthy customs and traditional wisdoms of our people \u2014 which have come down to us from generation to generation pledge ourselves to guard and pass on to those who come after us our noble traditions and the Christian principles that are ours now. By authority of our inherent right as ancient, free and independent peoples <\/span><\/p>\n

WE, THE PEOPLE, do now establish this sovereign nation and declare ourselves, under the guiding hand of God, to be the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Paraguay<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1992 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The Paraguayan people, through their legitimate representatives convening at the National Constituent Assembly, pleading to God, … hereby approve and promulgate this Constitution.”[46]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Spanish) “El pueblo paraguayo, por medio de sus leg\u00edtimos representantes reunidos en Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Constituyente, invocando Dios, … SANCIONA Y PROMULGA esta Constituci\u00f3n.”[47]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Peru<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1993 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The Democratic Constituent Congress invoking Almighty God, … has resolved to enact the following Constitution:”[48]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Spanish) “El Congreso Constituyente Democr\u00e1tico, invocando a Dios Todopoderoso, … ha resuelto dar la siguiente Constituci\u00f3n:”[49]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Philippines<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1987 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, … do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.[50]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Poland<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1997 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We, the Polish Nation \u2013 all citizens of the Republic, both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, as well as those not sharing such faith but respecting those universal values as arising from other sources, (…) beholden to our ancestors (…) for our culture rooted in the Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values, (…) recognizing our responsibility before God or our own consciences, hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland”[51]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in Polish) “My, Nar\u00f3d Polski – wszyscy obywatele Rzeczypospolitej, zar\u00f3wno wierz\u0105cy w Boga b\u0119d\u0105cego \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em prawdy, sprawiedliwo\u015bci, dobra i pi\u0119kna, jak i nie podzielaj\u0105cy tej wiary, a te uniwersalne warto\u015bci wywodz\u0105cy z innych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, (…) w poczuciu odpowiedzialno\u015bci przed Bogiem lub przed w\u0142asnym sumieniem, ustanawiamy Konstytucj\u0119 Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej”[52]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Rwanda<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1991 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The National Council for Development, meeting as Constituent Assembly on 30 May 1991; Trusting in God Almighty; … Does establish and adopt this Constitution for the Republic of Rwanda”[54]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

South Africa<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1996 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“May God protect our people.
\nNkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika<\/span><\/a>.
\nMorena boloka setjhaba sa heso.
\nGod se\u00ebn Suid-Afrika.
\nGod bless South Africa.
\nMudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika.
\nHosi katekisa Afrika.”[55]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Sweden<\/span><\/a> (Act of Succession<\/span><\/a>) <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1810 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“We CARL, by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, the Goths, and the Wends, &c., &c., &c., (…) ” <\/span><\/p>\n

“We, the undersigned Estates of the Realm of Sweden, (…) hereby make known that (…) our present most gracious King and Lord, Carl XIII, after his death (be it long deferred by the Grace of God Almighty) to be crowned and hailed as King of Sweden (…)” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Switzerland<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1999 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the name of Almighty God! The Swiss People and the Cantons (…) adopt the following Constitution:”[56]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(in German) “Im Namen Gottes des Allm\u00e4chtigen! Das Schweizervolk und die Kantone (…) geben sich folgende Verfassung:”[57]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>
\n(in French) “Au nom de Dieu Tout-Puissant! Le peuple et les cantons suisses (…) arr\u00eatent la Constitution que voici:”[58]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tunisia<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1959 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Invocatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“In the name of God, the Compassionate and Merciful … We, the representatives of the Tunisian people, free and sovereign, proclaim, by the Grace of God, the present Constitution.”[60]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Ukraine<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1996 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“The Verkhovna Rada<\/span><\/a> of Ukraine, (…) aware of our responsibility before God, our own conscience, past, present and future generations, (…) adopts this Constitution”[61]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Vanuatu<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1980 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nominatio <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

“WE, the people of Vanuatu… HEREBY proclaim the establishment of the united and free Republic of Vanuatu founded on traditional Melanesian values, faith in God, and Christian principles” <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

END<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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